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Reference-based diffusion model for super-resolution

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This article is devoted to digital image processing algorithms, namely, super-resolution task. Currently, various methods of image restoration based on deep learning are actively developing. These methods are used to solve image restoration problems, such as inpainting, denoising, and super-resolution. One important class of super-resolution methods is reference-based super-resolution that allows restoring the missing information in the main image using reference images. Methods of this class are mainly represented by convolutional neural networks which are widely used in computer vision problems. Despite the significant achievements of existing methods, they have one significant drawback: the image area not represented in the reference image often has worse quality compared to the rest of the image, which is clearly visible to the observer. In addition to convolutional neural networks, diffusion models are actively used in image restoration problems. They are capable of generating images with high quality and diverse fine details but suffer from a lack of fidelity between the generated details and the real ones. The aim of this work is to improve the quality of the reference-based image restoration method using the diffusion model. A hybrid architecture of the diffusion model denoising neural network is proposed consisting of three main blocks: the basic denoising module, the reference-based module, and the fusion module for the final result generation. Three models were trained: a diffusion model, a reference based convolutional neural network, and a proposed hybrid model. All three models were trained and evaluated on the Large-Scale Multi-Reference Dataset dataset. Based on the results of the trained models testing, a qualitative (visual) and quantitative comparison of the three models was done. The hybrid model demonstrated higher image quality, clarity, and consistency compared to the convolutional neural network using references and better restoration of real details compared to the diffusion model. According to the quantitative evaluation, the hybrid model also showed higher results compared to pure models. The results of this work can be used to increase the resolution of any images using reference information.

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